- Ringkasannya...
Pohon kawang memiliki ketinggian 50 meter ke atas dengan garis pusat 1 meter lebih. Pohon ini biasa tumbuh di dataran rendah, pinggiran sungai atau di kawasan pergunungan. Tanaman kawang baru berbuah di atas setelah berusia 15 tahun. Buah kawang berbentuk bulat dan memiliki beberapa helai rentang sayap di sekeliling tangkai, sehingga ketika jatuh tidak terus menghunjam tanah.
Menurut Dayang Armah binti Haim dari Kampung Menengah, Daerah Tutong dan penjual minyak kawang di tamu mingguan Serambangun, Tutong, minyak ini diperoleh dari biji kawang yang telah dijemur atau disalai hingga kering, dikeluarkan isinya, yang kemudian ditumbuk, dikukus dan diperah. Kebiasaannya ianya disimpan di dalam buluh dan bertahan hingga 2 tahun. Minyak kawang juga dikenal sebagai green butter kerana warnanya kuning kehijauan.
- Borneo Illipe nut
- Minyak Tengkawang
Nama lain : Borneo tallow, kawang kakowang, green butter. Minyak tengkawang diperoleh dari biji buah pohon tengkawang (Shorea sp. dan Isoptera sp.) antara lain
Minyak tengkawang diperoleh dari biji tengkawang yang telah kering yang diperas hingga keluar lemaknya. (Petikan dari laman sesawang)
- Biji tengkawang
Biji tengkawang merupakan sumberdaya hutan lain yang bernilai. Buah ini terutama dikumpulkan dari hutan, meskipun beberapa masyarakat suku Dayak juga menanam pohon-pohon Shorea. Di Sarawak terdapat sebeleas jenis shorea yang merupakan penghasil buah tengkawang yang penting; ekspor yang terbanyak berasal dari Shorea macrophylla. Di Kalimantan Barat, buah tengkawang terutama berasal dari pohon Shorea macropylla, Shorea beccariana dan Shoorea amplexicanlis, sedangkan pohon penghasil utama buah tengkawang di Kalimantan adalah Shorea pinanga dan Shorea palembenica.
Biji tengkawang mengandung minyak yang dapat dimakan dan kadang-kadang oleh masyarakat setempat digunakan sebagai penyedap nasi tetapi sebagian besar buah tengkawang diekspor untuk pembuatan permen sebagai pengganti mentega dan coklat, untuk pembuatan sabun, bahan kosmetik, obat-obatan dan makanan ternak. Seperti pada dipterocarpaceae lainnya, pohon tengkawang berbunga dan berbuah tidak teratur dengan tenggang waktu antara dua sampai tujuh tahun. Buah tengkawang berbiji tunggal berkecambah dalam waktu dua atau tiga hari setelah jatuh. Pada waktu biji berkecambah, kandungan minyak pada biji menurun dengan cepat.
- Temburong Home To Brunei’s Tropical Rainforests
Temburong – Brunei's tropical rainforests in the Temburong District in particular is home to a myriad of plant species, including a diverse range of indigenous fruit trees.
Some are even rare, uncommon and unfamiliar to many, even in the country.
One such rare fruit is buah kawang or the kawang fruit. Ampuan Roza Amalyati from Temburong has more on the kawang fruit and how it is processed to become
For centuries, Bruneians have had a close relationship with nature.
Many useful daily gadgets and necessities are derived from resources obtained from the jungle such as rattan species, fruits and vegetables.
The kawang fruit tree belongs to the 'meranti' tree family. Its family name is 'Dipterocarpceae' or known by its Latin name as 'Shorea Marcophyllia'.
The kawang tree can grow to reach a height of 40 to 45 metres with 130 centimetres in diameter and can be found growing on humid soil.
On the fringes of hilly areas, close to rivers in the country, Kawang trees have been found growing around the hilly fringes of Temburong, Tutong and Belait Districts. Other varieties include the
That used to be a delicacy common in the Bruneian household a few decades ago is now becoming scanty.
The kawang oil or minyak kawang as it is locally called is a butter-like local food product that has a distinctively exquisite taste and is enjoyed by melting it and consuming it with warm rice.
The processing and production methods are passed down from one generation to the next.
For the residents of the Semabat Longhouse, who perhaps are among the only few left, and who are actively producing it in the country, have for the past years turned the kawang oil production into a thriving cottage industry.
The mature kawang fruit is collected when the kawang fruit tree sheds its fruit 6 months after flowering.
The Iban community of the Semabat longhouse would then construct a device 90 percent made out of wood that is designed to extract and filter the kawang oil from the fruit.
Eight to ten people, mostly men, are needed during the processing work which would start in the morning and last till night.
The kernel of the kawang fruit is then cleaned and dried for four to five days.
Once fully dried, it is then crushed and barbecued against a fire in a clean bamboo until it brings out the oil.
The final stage is the extraction and filtration process of the cooked kawang using the hand-made wooden device known as 'candasan' which will ensure a purer and cleaner oil.
A bamboo is then used to collect the oil and later cooled to allow it to harden.
Apart from eating it with warm rice, in the old days the kawang oil was melted to become massage oil, for frying and used in traditional medication.
The residents of the Semabat longhouse normally sell their product to family members and friends or to vendors at the local market depending on the demand. Five to six inches of the hardened kawang oil sells for $5 to $6 each or according to the length of the bamboo which it is placed in. Research conducted on the fruit has shown that it can be made as a basic ingredient in producing chocolates, margarine, soap and even cosmetics. -- Courtesy of Radio Television Brunei


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